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Greenland
Greenland
Old Greenland maps|
There are many theories as to why the Norse settlements collapsed in Greenland after surviving for some 450–500 years (AD 985 to 1450–1500). It has been suggested that some or all of five factors contributed to the demise of the Greenland colony: cumulative environmental damage, gradual climate change, conflicts with hostile neighbors, the loss of contact and support from Europe, and, perhaps most crucial, cultural conservatism and failure to adapt to an increasingly harsh natural environment. Numerous studies have tested these hypotheses and some have led to significant discoveries. On the other hand there are dissenters: In Kirsten Seaver contests some of the more generally accepted theories about the demise of the Greenland colony, and asserts that the colony, towards the end, was healthier than Diamond and others have thought. Seaver believes that the Greenlanders cannot have starved to death, but rather may have been wiped out by Inuit or unrecorded European attacks, or they may have abandoned the colony to return to Iceland or to seek out new homes in . However, the physical evidence from archeological studies of the ancient farm sites does not show evidence of attack. The paucity of personal belongings at these sites is typical of North Atlantic Norse sites that were abandoned in an orderly fashion, with any useful items being deliberately removed; but to others it suggests a gradual but devastating impoverishment. Midden heaps at these sites do show an increasingly impoverished diet for humans and livestock.|
China is interested, but that does not mean Greenland will break from Denmark anytime soon.|
From 1711 to 1721, the Norwegian cleric petitioned for funding to travel to Greenland and re-establish contact with the Norse settlers there. Presumably, such settlers would still be or even and he desired to establish a mission among them to spread the . Frederick permitted Egede and some Norwegian merchants to establish the to revive trade with the island but refused to grant them a monopoly over it for fear of antagonizing in the area. The assumed superintendency over the mission and provided the company with a small stipend. Egede found but misidentified the ruins of the Norse colony, went bankrupt amid repeated attacks by the Dutch, and found lasting conversion of the migrant exceedingly difficult. An attempt to found a royal colony under Major established the settlement of ("Good Hope") in 1728 but was a costly debacle which saw most of his soldiers mutiny and his settlers killed by . Two child converts sent to Copenhagen for the coronation of returned in 1733 with , devastating the island. The same ship that returned them, however, also brought the first , who in time would convert a former (Inuit shaman), experience a revival at their mission of , and establish a string of along the southwest coast. Around the same time, the merchant took over administration of the colony and its trade and, having secured a large royal stipend and full monopoly from the king, successfully repulsed the Dutch in a series of skirmishes in 1738 and 1739. Egede himself quit the colony on the death of his wife, leaving the Lutheran mission to his son . Both of them had studied the extensively and published works on it; as well, Poul and some of the other clergy sent by the Mission College such as began wide-ranging study of Greenland's flora, fauna, and meteorology. However, though kale, lettuce, and other herbs were successfully introduced, repeated attempts to cultivate wheat or clover failed throughout Greenland, limiting the ability to raise European livestock.|
In mild weather conditions, a ship could make the 900-mile (1400 kilometers) trip from Iceland to Eastern Settlement within a couple of weeks. Greenlanders had to keep in contact with Iceland and Norway in order to trade. Little is known about any distinctive shipbuilding techniques among the Greenlanders. Greenland lacks a supply of lumber, so was completely dependent on Icelandic merchants or, possibly, logging expeditions to the Canadian coast.|
The Greenland Jacket for girls is just as warm as the women's Greenland with 550-fill down and waterproof Hyvent 2L fabric with taped seams. It also has a detachable faux-fur trim around hood and has internal ribbed cuffs at the wrists to keep the cold out.|